Psychologie
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trommsdorff_209795.pdf (1.309Mb)Trommsdorff, Gisela; Heikamp, Tobias (2013), Teil eines Buches[more][less]
Erschienen in: Cultural variations in psychopathology : from research to practice / Sven Barnow ... (eds.). - Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.] : Hogrefe, 2013. - S. 67-92. - ISBN 978-0-88937-434-8 Zusammenfassung: In this chapter, universal and culture-specific aspects of socialization of emotion regulation are discussed. Emotions and emotion regu lation are socialized and develop in cultural contexts. Cultural views on self·other relations are the basis for the chi ld's agentie self and emotion regu lation affecting the socio-emotional adjustment in the respective culture. Cultural models of self-other relations are transmitted through socia lization processes such as parenting beliefs and practices, wh ich can differ in their specific cu ltural meaning and therefore affect emotion regu lation differently. This chapter discusses cross-cultural studies on the function of parental support, control, and sensitivity for emotional development and regulation. Cultural differences shed light on the importance of taking the cultural context into account when studying emotion regulation and socio·emotional competence. Possible consequences for planning intervention programs are discussed. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 1
trommsdorff_209795.pdf (1.309Mb) -
martens_212169.pdf (635.0Kb)Hübner, Ronald; Martens, Ulla (2013), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: Brain and Cognition ; 81 (2013), 2. - S. 161-166 Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 1
martens_212169.pdf (635.0Kb) -
schalinski_225065.pdf (10.11Mb)Schalinski, Inga (2013), Dissertation[more][less]
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Dalal, Sarang; Osipova, Daria; Bertrand, Olivier; Jerbi, Karim (2013), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews ; 37 (2013), 4. - S. 585-593 Zusammenfassung: The functional electrophysiology of the human cerebellum remains poorly characterized. Existing knowledge originates primarily from lesion studies and increasingly from hemodynamic measures such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, along with some evidence in recent years from transcranial magnetic stimulation. In this context, we revisit the few existing records of intracranial recordings from the human cerebellum, and uncover additional little-known reports -- three from the Soviet Union, published in Russian between 1949-1951, and one from Belgium, published in French in 1964. These studies together demonstrate electrical rhythms of the human cerebellar cortex at frequencies as high as 250 Hz, including task-related modulations. A reanalysis of their electrode traces with state-of-the-art spectral analysis techniques confirm the reported frequency bands, and showed that these modulations were sustained for 100-200 ms. These remarkable observations from the early ages of intracranial mapping of the human brain are in line with recent electrophysiological studies of oscillations in the rodent cerebellum as well as magnetoencephalographic findings in humans. Time-frequency analyses have provided valuable insight into the function of cerebral cortex, and may prove even more critical for the differing neurophysiology of the cerebellum. We contend that these insights will be invaluable to bridge the role of oscillatory networks in the cerebellum with those of cerebral cortex in mediating perception, action, and cognition and to investigate possible cerebellar involvement in neurological dysfunction. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Hübner, Ronald; Grzyb, Kai Robin (2013), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Psychologie ; 221 (2013), 1. - S. 33-40 Zusammenfassung: Although response repetition (RR) effects vary considerably between conditions and studies, little is known about the causes. Recently, RR costs on task-switch trials have been found to be larger for incongruent stimuli that activate both alternative responses than for neutral ones. Here, we investigated if this modulation can be explained by an amplification of response conflict account (ARC). It assumes that a response-shift bias that is responsible for the basic RR costs amplifies the response conflict induced by incongruent stimuli specifically on trials where the response repeats. Consequently, RR costs are increased for incongruent stimuli. Because supporting evidence for this account was restricted to task-shift trials, we tested if the ARC account holds also more generally, that is, on task-repetition trials. To this end, we applied a rather common alternating-runs paradigm and presented neutral and incongruent stimuli. Results show that the congruency effect was larger on RR trials than on RS trials. Because this relation was independent of task transition, it is consistent with the idea that, in order to promote behavioral flexibility in task-switching contexts, a general response-shift bias is induced by inhibiting the previous response. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Rolfs_211703.pdf (456.2Kb)Rolfs, Martin; Dambacher, Michael; Cavanagh, Patrick (2013), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: Current Biology ; 23 (2013), 3. - S. 250-254 Zusammenfassung: We easily recover the causal properties of visual events, enabling us to understand and predict changes in the physical world. We see a tennis racket hitting a ball and sense that it caused the ball to fly over the net; we may also have an eerie but equally compelling experience of causality if the streetlights turn on just as we slam our car’s door. Both perceptual [1] and cognitive [2] processes have been proposed to explain these spontaneous inferences, but without decisive evidence one way or the other, the question remains wide open [3–8]. Here, we address this long-standing debate using visual adaptation—a powerful tool to uncover neural populations that specialize in the analysis of specific visual features [9–12]. After prolonged viewing of causal collision events called "launches" [1], subsequently viewed events were judged more often as noncausal. These negative aftereffects of exposure to collisions are spatially localized in retinotopic coordinates, the reference frame shared by the retina and visual cortex. They are not explained by adaptation to other stimulus features and reveal visual routines in retinotopic cortex that detect and adapt to cause and effect in simple collision stimuli. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 1
Rolfs_211703.pdf (456.2Kb) -
inauen_215382.pdf (205.0Kb)Inauen, Jennifer; Hossain, Mohammad Mojahidul; Johnston, Richard B.; Mosler, Hans-Joachim (2013), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: PLoS ONE ; 8 (2013), 1. - e53640 Zusammenfassung: Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a serious public health threat. In Bangladesh, eight major safe water options provide an alternative to contaminated shallow tubewells: piped water supply, deep tubewells, pond sand filters, community arsenic-removal, household arsenic removal, dug wells, well-sharing, and rainwater harvesting. However, it is uncertain how well these options are accepted and used by the at-risk population. Based on the RANAS model (risk, attitudes, norms, ability, and self-regulation) this study aimed to identify the acceptance and use of available safe water options. Cross-sectional face-to-face interviews were used to survey 1,268 households in Bangladesh in November 2009 (n = 872), and December 2010 (n = 396). The questionnaire assessed water consumption, acceptance factors from the RANAS model, and socioeconomic factors. Although all respondents had access to at least one arsenic-safe drinking water option, only 62.1% of participants were currently using these alternatives. The most regularly used options were household arsenic removal filters (92.9%) and piped water supply (85.6%). However, the former result may be positively biased due to high refusal rates of household filter owners. The least used option was household rainwater harvesting (36.6%). Those who reported not using an arsenic-safe source differed in terms of numerous acceptance factors from those who reported using arsenic-safe sources: non-users were characterized by greater vulnerability; showed less preference for the taste and temperature of alternative sources; found collecting safe water quite time-consuming; had lower levels of social norms, selfefficacy, and coping planning; and demonstrated lower levels of commitment to collecting safe water. Acceptance was particularly high for piped water supplies and deep tubewells, whereas dug wells and well-sharing were the least accepted sources. Intervention strategies were derived from the results in order to increase the acceptance and use of each arsenicsafe water option. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 1
inauen_215382.pdf (205.0Kb) -
Heikamp_225974.pdf (1.541Mb)Heikamp, Tobias; Trommsdorff, Gisela; Druey, Michel D.; Hübner, Ronald; Suchodoletz, Antje von (2013), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: Frontiers in Psychology ; 4 (2013). - 133 Zusammenfassung: Starting from research on relations between attachment and the development of self-regulation, the present study aimed to investigate research questions on relations among inhibitory control, internalization of rules of conduct (i.e., behavior regulation, concern occasioned by others transgressions, confession, reparation after wrongdoing), and attachment security. Attachment security and internalization of rules of conduct of German kindergarten children (N = 82) were assessed by maternal reports. Children's inhibitory control was measured with the Stop-task. Regression analyses revealed that inhibitory control was positively related to attachment security and to internalization of rules of conduct. Mediational analysis using a bootstrapping approach indicated an indirect effect of attachment security on internalization processes via inhibitory control. Implications for further research on the development of inhibitory control and internalization of rules of conduct are discussed. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 1
Heikamp_225974.pdf (1.541Mb) -
bublatzky_214836.pdf (248.8Kb)Bublatzky, Florian; Guerra, Pedro M.; Pastor, Maria Carmen; Schupp, Harald T.; Vila, Jaime (2013), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: PLoS ONE ; 8 (2013), 1. - e54003 Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 1
bublatzky_214836.pdf (248.8Kb) -
Bruder, Martin; Haffke, Peter; Neave, Nick; Nouripanah, Nina; Imhoff, Roland (2013), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: Frontiers in Psychology ; 4 (2013). - 225 Zusammenfassung: Conspiracy theories are ubiquitous when it comes to explaining political events and societal phenomena. Individuals differ not only in the degree to which they believe in specific conspiracy theories, but also in their general susceptibility to explanations based on such theories, that is, their conspiracy mentality. We present the Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire (CMQ), an instrument designed to efficiently assess differences in the generic tendency to engage in conspiracist ideation within and across cultures. The CMQ is available in English, German, and Turkish. In four studies, we examined the CMQ’s factorial structure, reliability, measurement equivalence across cultures, and its convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity. Analyses based on a cross-cultural sample (Study 1a; N = 7,766) supported the conceptualization of conspiracy mentality as a one-dimensional construct across the three language versions of the CMQ that is stable across time (Study 1b; N = 141). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the CMQ items. The instrument could therefore be used to examine differences in conspiracy mentality between European, North American, and Middle Eastern cultures. In Studies 2-4 (total N = 476), we report (re-)analyses of 3 datasets demonstrating the validity of the CMQ in student and working population samples in the UK and Germany. First, attesting to its convergent validity, the CMQ was highly correlated with another measure of generic conspiracy belief. Second, the CMQ showed patterns of meaningful associations with personality measures (e.g., Big Five dimensions, schizotypy), other generalized political attitudes (e.g., social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism), and further individual differences (e.g., paranormal belief, lack of socio-political control). Finally, the CMQ predicted beliefs in specific conspiracy theories over and above other individual difference measures. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
