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Dohmas, Ulrike; Genc, Safiye; Knaus, Johannes; Wiese, Richard; Kabak, Baris (2013), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: Language and Cognitive Processes ; 28 (2013), 3. - S.335-354 Zusammenfassung: This paper investigates the way the predictability of prosodic patterns in a particular language influences the processing of stress information by native speakers of that language. We extend previous findings where speakers of languages with predictable stress had difficulties to process and represent stress information when confronted with a language with distinctive stress and investigate how the co-existence of a predictable stress pattern and exceptions to that regularity within a single language influences prosodic processing. The stress system of Turkish constitutes an instructive test case since it employs predictable stress on the final syllable of a prosodic word (e.g., mısır “corn”) and some exceptional nonfinal stress (e.g., mısır “Egypt”). Results from an event-related potential (ERP) study on stress violations in Turkish trisyllabic words showed asymmetrical ERP responses for different stress violations: Stress violations with final stress produced an N400 effect whereas violations with nonfinal stress produced a P300 effect. The application of the predictable pattern to words with lexical stress led to lexical costs and the application of exceptional stress to words with default stress to effects reflecting the evaluation of this pattern. Although final stress constitutes no alternative pattern for words with exceptional stress, participants have difficulties to judge this pattern as incorrect. In contrast, exceptional stress patterns are detected easily when applied incorrectly to words that normally receive final stress. These findings demonstrate nicely the co-existence of two phonological processing routines in Turkish speakers. Furthermore, the variability of stress patterns does not affect prosodic processing in general but instead leads to differential effects in stress perception. We conclude that stress predictability does not homogenously result in the so-called “stress deafness” effects in stress processing, but that it rather emerges only for the default stress pattern. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Breu_220950.pdf (729.7Kb)Breu, Walter (2013), Teil eines Buches[more][less]
Erschienen in: Исследования по типологии славянских, балтийских и балканских языков : (преимущественно в свете языковых контактов) / [Ответственный ред.: Вяч. Вс. Иванов]. - Санкт Петербург : Алетей, 2013. - S. 81-112. - ISBN 978-5-91419-778-7 Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 1
Breu_220950.pdf (729.7Kb) -
Trotzke, Andreas; Bader, Markus; Frazier, Lyn (2013), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: Biolinguistics ; 7 (2013). - S. 1-34 Zusammenfassung: This paper shows that systematic properties of performance systems can play an important role within the biolinguistic perspective on language by providing third-factor explanations for crucial design features of human language. In particular, it is demonstrated that the performance interface in language design contributes to the biolinguistic research program in three ways: (i) it can provide additional support for current views on UG, as shown in the context of complex center-embedding; (ii) it can revise current conceptions of UG by relegating widely assumed grammatical constraints to properties of the performance systems, as pointed out in the context of linear ordering; (iii) it can contribute to explaining heretofore unexplained data that are disallowed by the grammar, but can be explained by systematic properties of the performance systems. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Dehé, Nicole; Braun, Bettina (2013), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: English Language and Linguistics ; 17 (2013), 1. - S. 129-156 Zusammenfassung: The prosodic realization of English question tags (QTs) has received some interest in the literature; yet corpus studies on the factors affecting their phrasing and intonational realization are very rare or limited to a certain aspect. This article presents a quantitative corpus study of 370 QTs from the International Corpus of English that were annotated for prosodic phrasing and intonational realization of the QT and the host. Factors tested were polarity, position in the sentence and the turn as well as verb type. Generally, prosodic phrasing and intonational realization were highly correlated: separate QTs were mostly realized with a falling contour, while integrated QTs were mostly rising. Results from regression models showed a strong effect of polarity: QTs with an opposite polarity were more often phrased separately compared to QTs with constant polarity, but the phrasing of opposite polarity QTs was further dependent on whether the QT was negative or positive (more separate phrasing in negative QTs). Furthermore, prosodic separation was more frequent at the end of syntactic phrases and clauses compared to phrase-medial QTs. At the end of a turn, speakers realized more rising contours compared to QTs within a speaker’s turn. Verb type also had an effect on the phrasing of the tag. Taken together, our results confirm some of the claims previously held for QTs, while others are modified and new findings are added. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Bayer, Josef; Salzmann, Martin (2013), Teil eines Buches[more][less]
Erschienen in: Repairs : the added value of being wrong / ed. by Partrick Brandt and Eric Fuß. - New York : de Gruyter, 2013. - S. 275 - 334. - ISBN 978-1-614-51080-2 Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Breu, Walter (2012), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: Language typology and universals / Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung : STUF ; 65 (2012), 3. - S. 246-266 Zusammenfassung: In this paper, we discuss different types of verbal aspect in three varieties of Sorbian, Standard Lower and Upper Sorbian and Colloquial Upper Sorbian. There are basically two formally differentiated aspect oppositions in Sorbian, the Slavic opposition of perfectivity, expressed by stem alternations (prefixation, suffixation and suppletion) and thus grammatically derivative, and the opposition of aorist and imperfect, expressed by inflection. These two types are, however, restricted in their distribution, as modern Lower Sorbian lacks the inflectional type completely, and Colloquial Upper Sorbian uses it only with auxiliaries, modal verbs and some verbs of speech. Even in Standard Upper Sorbian the independence of the two oppositions is rather relative, as only the second and third person singular have different endings for the two grammemes, whereas in all other persons formal differences between imperfect and aorist are expressed, if at all, only by stem alternations, dependent on the opposition between the imperfective and the perfective stem. Therefore, even in Standard Upper Sorbian we have a clear differentiation between perfective and imperfective only outside the synthetic past tense, e.g. in the analytic l past or in the future, while the imperfect is linked exclusively to the imperfective and the aorist to the perfective. While the functions of the stem-based aspect opposition are in the Standard languages of the common Slavic type, Colloquial Upper Sorbian has an idiosyncratic aspect type based functionally on an opposition of grammaticalized telicity. The reasons for the special characteristics of verbal aspect in the varieties of Sorbian in formal as well as in functional respect essentially go back to language contact with German. The ILA model of the interaction of the lexicon with aspect serves as a theoretical base for the following presentation. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Schwarze, Christoph (2012), Teil eines Buches[more][less]
Erschienen in: Inflection and word formation in Romance languages / ed. by Sascha Gaglia ... - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Benjamins, 2012. - S. 119-140. - (Linguistik aktuell ; 186). - ISBN 978-90-272-5569-3 Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Breu, Walter; Piccoli, Giovanni (München; Berlin : Sagner, 2012), Buch
Sagners slavistische Sammlung -Nr. 32,2 [more][less]Zusammenfassung: Das Moliseslavische ist eine stark vom Aussterben bedrohte slavische Varietät in der süditalienischen Region Molise. Das auf insgesamt drei Bände konzipierte Werk mit transkribierten, italienisch und deutsch übersetzten sowie wissenschaftlich kommentierten Tonaufnahmen wird einen umfassenden Überblick über diese südslavische Mikrosprache mit ihren drei Dialekten ermöglichen. Außerdem erlaubt es einen Einblick in die Alltagskultur und Erlebniswelt der Moliseslaven in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. Während im bereits 2011 erschienen Teil I ausschließlich Texte gesprochener Sprache aus dem Hauptort Acquaviva Collecroce vorgelegt wurden, gilt der nun vorliegende Teil II den Aufnahmen aus den beiden weniger bekannten Dörfern Montemitro und San Felice del Molise mit ihren zum Teil stark abweichenden Dialekten. Das Werk ist in erster Linie für Sprachwissenschaftler (Slavisten, Sprachtypologen, Sprachkontaktforscher) konzipiert. Die vermittelten Inhalte sind aber auch für Historiker, Volkskundler, Migrationsforscher und Kulturinteressierte aufschlußreich. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Braun, Bettina; Chen, Aoju (2012), Teil eines Buches[more][less]
Erschienen in: Understanding Prosody : the Role of Context, Function and Communication / ed. by Oliver Niebuhr. - Berlin : De Gruyter, 2012. - S. 289-311. - (Language, context and cognition ; 13). - ISBN 3-11-030125-3 Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Trotzke_Linguist List 23.4367.pdf (201.1Kb)Trotzke, Andreas (2012), Rezension[more][less]
Erschienen in: http://linguistlist.org/issues/23/23-4367.html, 18.10.2012. Zugriff am 19.12.2012 Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 1
Trotzke_Linguist List 23.4367.pdf (201.1Kb) -
Diss-Pohl.pdf (8.275Mb)Pohl, Muna (2012), Dissertation[more][less]
Zusammenfassung: The present thesis investigates (Standard) German and Swiss German infants' perception of a laryngeal and a length contrast in labial stops. German has a laryngeal contrast with voiceless unaspirated stops opposed to voiceless aspirated stops. The primary phonetic correlate is VOT, which, following Mikuteit (2006), is referred to as 'after closure time' (ACT). Instead of a laryngeal contrast, Swiss German has a length contrast between short stops (singletons) and long stops (geminates). The contrast is phonetically realised by closure duration (CD). <br /><br /> Regarding early speech perception, it is assumed that infants start life with universal perception skills, enabling them to discriminate nearly all kinds of phonetic contrasts, irrespective of the phones' relevance for the language the infants are about to acquire. At the end of the first year of life, infants' perception adapts to the native phoneme inventory (e.g., Werker & Tees 1984). In a series of experiments, it is examined whether such a developmental pattern is found for German and Swiss German infants listening to a laryngeal contrast (native in German, non-native in Swiss German) and a length contrast (native in Swiss German, non-native in German).<br /><br /> The first part of the thesis discusses phonetic and phonological fundamentals as well as the relevant acquisition literature. The second part comprises the presentation of new empirical work and starts with a pilot production study with adults that confirms that ACT is the primary cue to make a contrast between pretonic labial stops in German. A categorisation study also conducted with adults reveals that Germans rely on ACT but fail to use CD to perceptually contrast two stop categories whereas Swiss Germans are able to rely on both ACT and CD to distinguish stops categorically. The perception study serves as a basis for the infant experiments as it shows where the respective native phoneme boundaries are located.<br /><br /> A precursory infant experiment with German 6- to 8-month-olds demonstrates that the Switch Procedure, the method used for all infant tests in the present thesis, works well. New ways of analysing the data are introduced, which allow detecting effects that might be overlooked with the common analysis. Experiments with German and Swiss German 6- to 8-, 10- to 12- and 14- to 16-month-olds examined infants' ability to discriminate a laryngeal and a length contrast. <br /><br /> The findings support the assumption that ACT contrasts are universally discriminable in the first half year of life. Moreover, the data suggest that consonantal length contrasts are different from most other contrasts in early perception. The CD contrast is not discriminable at the age of 6 to 8 months. Instead, the results suggest that it has to be acquired with linguistic experience, similar to some other contrasts of low acoustic salience. 14- to 16-month-old infants' failure to discriminate a respectively native phoneme contrast is argued to be due to a phase of perceptual uncertainty at the beginning of the second year of life, which might be triggered an increasingly variable linguistic input. Moreover, German 10- to 12- and 14- to 16-month-olds were not expected to discriminate a (presumed non-native) length contrast. An additional production study with German adults provides two potential explanations for this ability. Either infants are more sensitive to CD as a cue for phoneme categorisation than adults or the infants are using CD differences to detect word boundaries. Swiss German infants' ability to discriminate the non-native laryngeal contrast is in line with the adult data and interpreted with reference to typological aspects of the language. Apart from that, perception studies with the infants' parents confirm the appropriateness of the infant stimuli.<br /><br /> In sum, the thesis provides new data on adults' production and perception of laryngeal and length contrasts. Insights into German and Swiss German infants' discrimination skills reveal that the two types of stop contrasts follow different developmental paths in early speech perception. Thus, not only by including the hardly-examined length contrast the thesis crucially contributes to the debate on early infant speech perception. Furthermore, it presents new insights on infants' speech perception in the second year of life. Finally, the thesis introduces new analyses for the data collected with the Switch Procedure which help to better assess infants' perception skills. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 1
Diss-Pohl.pdf (8.275Mb) -
Remberger, Eva-Maria (2012), Teil eines Buches[more][less]
Erschienen in: Inflection and word formation in Romance languages / Sascha Gaglia ... - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Benjamins, 2012. - S. 271-294. - (Linguistik aktuell ; 186). - ISBN 978-90-272-5569-3 Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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plank_219564.pdf (6.278Mb)Plank, Frans (2012), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: Morphology ; 22 (2012), 2. - S. 277-292 Zusammenfassung: Co-occurrence restrictions among affixes are preferably accounted for through general structural constraints, to do with separations of word-internal domains, with hierarchical rankings of the affixes involved, with processing complexity, or with word-prosodic patterns. Disallowing particular designated affixes to combine with one another by (language-particular) stipulation is considered a theoretical option only to be taken as a last resort. Against this backdrop it is argued here that in the much-discussed German case of diminutive-pejorative-absolutive suffix -ling the preclusion of further derivational affixation, in particular suffixation with feminine motional -in, is not due to any such general constraint; rather, this must be recognised as an instance of an affix-specific selectional restriction of a morphosemantic kind. The chief theoretical interest of this particular case is diachronic. While inner suffix -ling, originally a semantically neutral nominalising suffix, was able to acquire a diminutive, pejorative, absolutive-aligned ("passive") semantics, its original gender remained masculine rather than changing to neuter, as would be semantically more suitable. Thus, with the outer, feminine-deriving suffix -in being sensitive to the gender of its nominal bases, nouns which are formally masculine, as required by -in suffixation, but on semantic grounds ought to be neuter are infelicitous. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 1
plank_219564.pdf (6.278Mb) -
Breu, Walter (2012), Teil eines Buches[more][less]
Erschienen in: Grammatical replication and borrowability in language contact / ed. by Björn Wiemer ... - Berlin [u.a.] : de Gruyter Mouton, 2012. - S. 275-322. - (Trends in linguistics : Studies and Monographs ; 242). - ISBN 978-3-11-027009-9 Zusammenfassung: The present paper shows that full-fledged indefinite articles with referential, non-referential and generic functions have developed in two Slavic minority languages in total language contact, Molise Slavic (Southern Italy) and Colloquial Upper Sorbian (Eastern Germany). Language contact provided the impetus for this development against the resistance of a diachronic constant of Slavic that prevents the development of article systems outside contact situations. Language contact was also responsible, on the whole, for the specific structures of the article systems concerned, with a grammaticalized definite article only in Colloquial Upper Sorbian following the German model, whereas in the case of Molise Slavic, the structural conditions of Italian – with the absence of an ambiguity between a demonstrative pronoun and the definite article – prevented the development of a definite article. This means that the specific contact situation of this minority language provoked the violation of a supposed universal implication for the chronology of the development of articles, i.e. the emergence of a definite article before a (fully developed) indefinite article. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Bayer, Josef (2012), Teil eines Buches[more][less]
Erschienen in: Functional heads / ed. by Laura Brugè ... - New York [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press, 2012. - S. 13-28. - (The cartography of syntactic structures ; vol. 7). - ISBN 978-0-19-974673-6 Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Hautli, Annette; Sulger, Sebastian; Butt, Miriam (2012), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: Publ. in: Linguistic Issues in Language Technology [Elektronische Ressource] ; 7 (2012). - letzter Zugriff 14.03.2012 Zusammenfassung: This paper proposes an additional layer of annotation for the recently established Hindi/Urdu Treebank. Despite the fact that the treebank already features a number of annotation layers such as phrase structure, dependency relations and predicate-argument structure, we see potential for the inclusion of a dependency layer generated from Lexical- Functional Grammar (lfg) f-structures with relations that we believe are crucial for a deep analysis of Urdu/Hindi. The suggestions are based on theoretical and computational investigations into Urdu/Hindi in the context of the Urdu ParGram grammar, through which we can auto- matically create the additional annotation layer. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Dipper, Stefanie; Zinsmeister, Heike (2012), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: Publ. in: Language Resources and Evaluation ; 46 (2012), 1. S. 37-52 Zusammenfassung: In this paper, we present first results from annotating abstract (discourse-deictic) anaphora in German. Our annotation guidelines provide linguistic tests for identifying the antecedent, and for determining the semantic types of both the antecedent and the anaphor. The corpus consists of selected speaker turns from the Europarl corpus. To date, 100 texts have been annotated according to these guidelines. The annotations show that anaphoric personal and demonstrative pronouns differ with respect to the distance to their antecedents. A semantic analysis reveals that, contrary to suggestions put forward in the literature, referents of anaphors do not tend to be more abstract than the referents of their antecedents. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Kaiser, Georg (2012), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: Publ. in: Bilingualism : Language and Cognition ; 15 (2012), 2. - pp. 240-242 Zusammenfassung: In their keynote contribution, Poplack, Zentz & Dion (henceforth PZD; Poplack, Zentz & Dion, 2011, this issue) propose an interesting “scientific test of convergence” (under section heading: “Introduction”) which contains criteria to check whether a particular feature in a given language in contact with another one is due to language contact or not. This is a valiant endeavor with a laudable goal. It is valiant because the answer to this question requires a complex investigation of the languages at issue. It is laudable since it is commonly believed that a given feature of a language in contact with another one is the result of convergence. This belief however is, in general, only a mere conjecture due to superficial similarities of the features at issue, for which no empirical evidence is provided. Yet, there is no doubt that PZD accomplish their endeavor in an outstanding manner. Based on a thorough study of substantial data from Canadian French and Canadian English, they demonstrate in a convincing way how it is possible to reveal whether a given feature is contact-induced or not. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Lahne, Antje (Oxford University Press, 2012), Teil eines Buches[more][less]
Erschienen in: Publ. in: Ways of Structure Building / ed. by Myriam Uribe-Etxebarria and Vidal Valmala. - Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012. - S. 271-296. - (Oxford studies in theoretical linguistics ; 40). - ISBN 978-0-19-964493-3 Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Dehé, Nicole (2012), Rezension[more][less]
Erschienen in: Publ. in: Language ; 88 (2012), 1. - S. 197-199 Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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