Politik- und Verwaltungswissenschaft
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Leuffen, Dirk; Rittberger, Berthold; Schimmelfennig, Frank (Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), Buch[more][less]
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Hegele, Yvonne; Behnke, Nathalie (2013), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: Politische Vierteljahresschrift : PVS ; 54 (2013), 1. - S. 21-50 Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Leuffen, Dirk; Shikano, Susumu; Walter, Stefanie (2013), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: European Political Science ; 12 (2013), 1. - S. 40-51 Zusammenfassung: How should small-n researchers aggregate the information collected during their research in an effort to measure the relevant theoretical concepts with high levels of validity and reliability? This article specifically focuses on the method of triangulation, which is frequently used in process-tracing approaches. We introduce and theorise different aggregation strategies commonly used in triangulation, such as weighted and simple averages or ‘the winner takes it all’ strategy. We then evaluate their performance with regard to their proneness to measurement error using computer simulations. Our simulation results show that averaging different information sources, in general, outperforms other aggregation strategies. However, this is not the case if poorly informed sources are biased in a similar direction; in these situations the 'winner takes it all' strategy shows a superior performance. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Brunner, Martin (Wiesbaden : Springer VS, 2013), Dissertation[more][less]
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Schneider, Gerald (London : Routledge, 2013), Buch[more][less]
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Lobbying as a collective enterprise : Winners and losers of policy formulation in the European UnionKlüver, Heike (2013), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: Journal of European Public Policy ; 20 (2013), 1. - S. 59-76 Zusammenfassung: Why does lobbying success in the European Union (EU) vary across interest groups? Even though this question is central to the study of EU policy-making, only few have dealt with it. The small number of existing studies is moreover characterized by a multitude of hypotheses and contradictory findings. This article aims to overcome these shortcomings by presenting a theoretical exchange model that identifies information supply, citizen support and economic power of entire lobbying camps as the major determinants of lobbying success. The hypotheses are empirically evaluated based on a large new dataset. By combining a quantitative text analysis of interest group submissions to Commission consultations with an online survey among interest groups, the theoretical expectations are tested across a large number of policy issues and interest groups while controlling for individual interest group and issue characteristics. The empirical analysis confirms the theoretical expectations indicating that lobbying is a collective enterprise. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Elff, Martin (2013), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: Political Analysis ; 21 (2013), 2. - S. 217-232 Zusammenfassung: This article presents a new method of reconstructing actors' political positions from coded political texts. It is based on a model that combines a dynamic perspective on actors' political positions with a probabilistic account of how these positions are translated into emphases of policy topics in political texts. In the article it is shown how model parameters can be estimated based on a maximum marginal likelihood principle and how political actors’ positions can be reconstructed using empirical Bayes techniques. For this purpose, a Monte Carlo Expectation Maximization algorithm is used that employs independent sample techniques with automatic Monte Carlo sample size adjustment. An example application is given by estimating a model of an economic policy space and a noneconomic policy space based on the data from the Comparative Manifesto Project. Parties’ positions in policy spaces reconstructed using these models are made publicly available for download. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Klüver, Heike (Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2013), Buch[more][less]
Zusammenfassung: Why can some interest groups influence policy-making while others cannot? Even though this question is central to the study of politics, we know little about the factors explaining interest group influence. Understanding lobbying success should be of particular concern to scholars of European politics since the European Union constitutes a promising political opportunity structure for organized interests. This book sheds light on the impact of interest groups on European policy-making and makes a major contribution to the study of both European Union politics and interest groups more generally. Kluver develops a comprehensive theoretical model for understanding lobbying success and presents an extensive empirical analysis of interest group influence on policy-making in the EU. The book relies on a large, new, and innovative dataset that combines a wide variety of data sources including a quantitative text analysis of European Commission consultations, an online survey of interest groups, information gathered on interest group websites, and legislative data retrieved from EU databases. This book analyzes interest group influence across 56 policy issues and 2,696 interest groups and shows that lobbying is an exchange relationship in which the European institutions trade influence for information, citizen support and economic power. Importantly, this book demonstrates that it is not sufficient to solely focus on individual interest groups, but that it is crucial how interest groups come together in issue-specific lobbying coalitions. Lobbying is a collective enterprise in which information supply, citizen support, and economic power of entire lobbying coalitions are decisive for lobbying success. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Weidmann, Nils; Salehyan, Idean (2013), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: International Studies Quarterly ; 57 (2013),1. - S. 52-64 Zusammenfassung: The implementation of the US military surge in Iraq coincided with a significant reduction in ethnic violence. Two explanations have been proposed for this result: The first is that the troop surge worked by increasing counterinsurgent capacity, whereas the second argument is that ethnic unmixing and the establishment of relatively homogenous enclaves were responsible for declining violence in Baghdad through reducing contact. We address this question using an agent-based model that is built on GIS-coded data on violence and ethnic composition in Baghdad. While we cannot fully resolve the debate about the effectiveness of the surge, our model shows that patterns of violence and segregation in Baghdad are consistent with a simple mechanism of ethnically motivated attacks and subsequent migration. Our modeling exercise also informs current debates about the effectiveness of counterinsurgency operations. We implement a simple policing mechanism in our model and show that even small levels of policing can dramatically mitigate subsequent levels of violence. However, our results also show that the timing of these efforts is crucial; early responses to ethnic violence are highly effective, but quickly lose impact as their implementation is delayed. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
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Fatke, Matthias; Freitag, Markus (2013), Artikel[more][less]
Erschienen in: Political Behavior ; 35 (2013), 2. - S. 237-260 Zusammenfassung: This paper presents the first investigation of whether direct Democracy supplements or undermines the attendance of demonstrations as a form of protest behavior. A first approach assumes that direct democracy is associated with fewer protests, as they function as a valve that integrates voters’ opinions, preferences, and emotions into the political process. A competing hypothesis proposes a positive relationship between direct democracy and this unconventional form of political participation due to educative effects. Drawing on individual data from recent Swiss Electoral Studies, we apply multilevel analysis and estimate a hierarchical model of the effect of the presence as well as the use of direct democratic institutions on individual protest behavior. Our empirical findings suggest that the political opportunity of direct democracy is associated with a lower individual probability to attend demonstrations. Dateien zu dieser Publikation: 0
